Publikasi

A Mini Review: The Application of Eupatorium Plants as Potential Cosmetic Ingredients

(https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9050103)

Agmi Sinta Putri, S.Si., M.Hut.

Abstract

The Eupatorium plant has been well used in medication and as a decorative plant. Some studies have reported that this herb has biochemical compounds, such as sesquiterpenes, phenolics, polysaccharides, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Thus, it has pharmacological effects, including antifungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antinociceptive properties, that can be utilized for cosmetic purposes. However, only a few published works have summarized the active compounds and the application of Eupatorium plants as cosmetic agents. Therefore, this article aims to review the application of Eupatorium plants as a potential cosmetic agent. The active compounds of Eupatorium are contained in the whole plant, as well as the stems, leaves, roots, and aerial parts (flower, fruit, and seeds). In terms of cosmetic applications, the activities of Eupathorium are antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-melanin/melanogenesis, anti-acne, and anti-inflammatory. This review aims to contribute to a better understanding for expanding the utilization of this plant for cosmetic purposes by using these active compounds.

Pengujian Toksisitas Kulit Batang Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) Terhadap Larva Artemia salina 

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

Toxicity, antioxidant ability and inhibition of oral pathogens by monoterpenerich essential oil of Litsea angulata Blume

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

The genus Litsea comprises about 136 species worldwide and some species have been used in traditional medicine and as essential oil sources. Litsea angulata Blume is distributed throughout Indonesia, Malaysia and New Guinea. This study dealt with the chemical composition, toxicity, antioxidant and in vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oil from L. angulata leaves. The essential oil was produced using steam distillation and the chemical components of the oil were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Inhibitory activity against oral pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Candida albicans) was assayed using the agar well diffusion method. Free radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to analyze the antioxidant activity. The toxicity was evaluated using the in vivo brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of monoterpenoids (85.28%) and the major compounds were ?-pinene and cis-verbenol. The essential oil exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against the four test microorganisms, producing zones of inhibition with diameters of 11.44–50.00 mm. The highest inhibitory activity was obtained against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The oil exhibited weak DPPH activity with 0–13.96% inhibition in the concentration range 0–50 µg/mL and was not toxic in the BSLT. These results demonstrated that this nontoxic essential oil could be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent against oral pathogens.

Minyak Atsiri Kayu Bawang. Pengolahan Daun Scorodarpus borneensis

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

Karekeristik Minyak Atsiri Daun Melaleuca leucadendra L. dari Empat Lokasi yang Berbeda Di Kabupaten Paser Kalimantan Timur

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

Cajuput oil, which comes from the Melaleuca, is one of the NTFPs that is widely used for various health or pharmaceutical products so that it is a product that is in great demand. This study aimed to measure the yield and analyze the physical properties of M. leucadendra L. essential oil which comes from Paser, East Kalimantan. Samples were taken from 4 different locations, namely Rantau Panjang, Jone, Padang Pangrapat and Pondong Baru. Essential oils were obtained from distillation process using the water and steam method. The physical characteristics of essential oils were analyzed including visual color and refractive index using a hand refractometer. The results of M. leucadendra L. oil distillation from 4 locations, namely Rantau Panjang, Jone, Padang Pangrapat and Pondong Baru. showed the various yields, among others, 0.030%, 0.066%, 0.104% and 0.031%. The color of the essential oil observed also varied from yellow to orange and the refractive index range obtained was 1,429-1,450. The results of this study have the potential as a new source of cajuput oil originating from East Kalimantan, however further research is needed to find out about the appropriate distillation technique in order to increase the yield of M. leucadendra essential oil.

Peningkatan Literasi Masyarakat Desa Asa, Barong Tongkok, Kutai Barat Era New Normal 

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

Literacy is one of the complex problems that occur in Indonesia. In Community Service, the Extraordinary Conditions in 2020 raised issues related to literacy with an innovative program called Village Literacy. The Village Literacy Program aims to strengthen the literacy capacity of the community in Asa Village in facing the New Normal situation. This program was implemented in Asa Village, Barong Tongkok District, West Kutai Regency on 8th July , 2020 to 18th August, 2020. The method used in implementing this program is RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) by (1) face-to-face / virtual face-to-face, (2) representative meetings between villages and observers, (3) eagle's eye and, (4) discussions and online interviews with community leaders. The completion step of the Village Literacy program is to implement five individual programs, namely, (1) Asa Upgrade Skills, (2) Asa Profile, (3) Asa Healthy, (4) Budi Tani and, (5) stalls Culture. The result of this program is that the people of Asa Village increasingly understand and have insight related to Educational Literacy, Information Literacy, Agricultural Literacy, Health Literacy, Media Literacy and Economic Literacy.

Estimation of Total Phenol Content and Antimicrobial Activity in Different Leaf Stage of Lepisanthes amonea 

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

Many plants have been reported to possess antibacterial activity, and among them are coming from the Sapindaceae family. The Sapindaceae family has 2,215 species in 147 genera. L. amoena is one species in this family found in East Kalimantan. This study’s objective was to determine the effect of the leaf stage on phenolic composition and antimicrobial activity. The powder of L. amoena was extracted by successive maceration using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. In this study, the polyphenolic content of the different extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Their antimicrobial activity was assayed through in vitro models such as agar dilution assay. The anti microorganism of different leaf stage from L. amoena extracts towards Streptococcus mutans, Propionibacterium acnes, and Candida albicans growth were determined. The results showed that Lepisanthes amoena extracts could inhibit the growth of those bacteria. The expression level of inhibitory effect on bacteria’s growth was reduced by increasing the concentration of extract. The leaves at a particular stage may have more antimicrobial potential. The leaf maturity played essential roles in the bioactive compounds and their antimicrobial of L. amoena leaf extract.

Isolation of Active Compounds from Original Plants of East Kalimantan as Cosmetics

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

Phytochemical and antioxidant activity tests were conducted on ethanol extracts of the trunk, flower and leaf of Senggani (Melastoma candidum D.Don). Each sample was macerated with ethanol, and then it was concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The secondary metabolites of each sample’s phytochemical test (Senggani) showed that the ethanol extract taken from the trunk was phenolics and triterpenoids. In contrast, the sample taken from the flower were steroid, and from the leaf were saponins. The result showed that in ethanol extract taken from the trunk exhibited antioxidant activities subtuance at 39.087 %, the ethanol extract from the flower was at 6.548 % and the ethanol extract taken from the leaf at 60.913 ± 0.002 µg/ml for the ethanol extract of the trunk, EC50 µg/ml at 93.452 ± 0.005 µg/ml for the ethanol of the flower and, EC50 (µ/ml) at 42.063 plusminus 0.015 µg/ml for the ethanol of the leaf.

Antibacterial Activity Against Propionibacterium acnes of n-Hexane Fractions from Siam Weed Leaves (Chromolaena odorata)

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

The present study aims to separate the active fractions from the n-hexane extract of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata (L) R.M. King & H. Rob) leaves with potential as the antiacne agent. The present work includes isolation of active fractions guided by antiacne assay against Propionibacterium acnes and phytochemical analysis of the active fractions. Extraction was conducted by maceration using n-hexane. An agar well diffusion assay was applied to evaluate the antiacne activity of the extract at the concentration of 400 µg/well with chloramphenicol as a positive control. Column chromatography assisted by thin-layer chromatography of n-hexane extract gave six active fractions. Fractions TH5 and TH6 displayed the highest inhibition of 51% and 47% respectively. Further purification of the fraction yielded more than 14 subfractions. Phytochemical analysis indicated that fraction TH5 contains alkaloid and steroid while fraction TH6 contains alkaloid. The active fractions isolated from C. odorata have the potential to be developed as a natural antiacne.

Effectiveness of Distillation Models on Bioactivity from Essential Oil Fraction of Cinnamommum camphora (L.) J.Presl.

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

The change of paradigm in forest product management brought out the Forestry Minister’s Regulation Number P.35/Menhut-II/2007, concerned Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). Some genus Cinnamomum included in the list of NTFPs, and Cinnamomum camphora (camphor) is one species. The recorded data mentioned that this plant was found abundant in Kalimantan and used as a complement in traditional ceremonies, especially for the Dayak Tunjung community, in Pepas Asa village. This research aimed to explore further the potential of C. camphora essential oil grown in East Kalimantan as antibacterial. Essential oil fractions obtained from the leave of C. camphora (CP), which grew in Pepas Asa village, were fractionated by water and steam distillation based on their distillation models (CP5, CP7, and CP9) and separation times (0-1 h, 1-2 h, and 2-3 h). A hand refractometer physically analyzed the oils to determine their refractive index value. The essential oils were also examined for their antibacterial activity at a concentration of 1%, 10%, and 100% (pure oil fraction) by agar diffusion assay against Streptococcus mutans. The results showed the highest yield of oil fractions for each model were 1.62% (CP51), 2.35% (CP71), and 1.23% (CP91. The result of antibacterial activity showed that all fractions from three models potential as antibacterial agents in the concentration of 100% (pure oil), especially the fraction of second-time distillation, could inhibit the growth of S. mutans higher than tested positive control.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity from Three Different Solvents of Nephelium romboutan-ake Leaves Crude Extract 

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

Nephelium ramboutan-ake, is a species of Sapindaceae family, locally named Maritam from Kalimantan. However, there is limited information about the potency of this plant. The present study’s objective was to carry out the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of N. ramboutan-ake leaf extract by three different solvents of extraction. The extracts obtained by successive solvent extraction from the maceration method use n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvent. Antioxidant activity was analyzed by DPPH radical scavenging assay compared to ascorbic acid. Antibacterial activity was assayed using the 96 well-plate microdilution broth method against Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus compared with chloramphenicol as a positive control. This research showed that ethanol extract was the highest yield, followed by ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract. All extracts potentially scavenged DPPH free radicals at a concentration of 25, 50, and 100 ppm. These plant extracts also could inhibit all tested microorganisms. N. ramboutan-ake can be used as a source of natural medicinal material.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity : The Potency of Selaginella intermedia Leaves Against Oral Pathogen

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

Selaginella intermedia is one of the traditional medicine in East Kalimantan, which use as some traditional medicinal uses. S. intermedia is usually found in the forest floor, especially for this study we obtain from Kebun Raya Unmul Samarinda (KRUS) in East Kalimantan. The aim of this study is to inhibit the radical scavenging agent (DPPH) and antimicrobial assay against Streptococcus sobrinnus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The control positive of this study is chlorhexidine. The sample extracted with ethanol and obtain 4.33 % extract from extract yield 2.23 g. S. intermedia has a good activity to inhibit radical scavenging agent (DPPH) with a value of 65 % at concentration 100 ppm. S. intermedia also has antimicrobial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 4 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 4 mg/ml against S. sobrinus. In a case against P. gingavalis antimicrobial activity with the MIC value of 4 mg/ml and MBC value of 4 mg/ml. The ability of S. intermedia is thought to be due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpene groups. Further research is ongoing to find out deeply about S. intermedia influence on dental caries.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity and Physico Chemical Profiles of Eucalyptus pellita Essential Oil from East Kalimantan 

Prof. Dr. R.R. Harlinda Kuspradini, S.Hut, MP.

Abstract

Eucalyptus is one of the plants used in the pulp and paper industry, and their leaves are known as forest harvesting waste that potential to produce essential oils. This research aimed to examine the physicochemical profiles of Eucalyptus pellita leaf essential oils grown in East Kalimantan and their potential antibacterial activity. The essential oils distilled using water and steam distillation methods. Analysis of physicochemical profiles from this oil included yield, colour, refractive index, solubility in alcohol, and chemical compositions by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity assayed by agar diffusion method against Streptococcus sobrinus and S. mutans. The results showed that E. pellita oil’s physicochemical profile was 0.86% of yield, 1.465 of refractive index, and solubility in alcohol was 1:1. Chemical components contained in E. pellita oil dominated by ß-pinene (33.49%), patchouli alcohol (13.77%), 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (9.81%), eucalyptol (1,8-Cineole) (6.7%), and trans-ß-caryophyllene (6.7%). This oil was active to inhibit all bacterias’ growth in a range of 14.78-22.33 mm against S. sobrinus and ranging from 14.00 mm to 52.00 mm against S. mutans. This forest harvesting waste potential to develop as a new source of essential oil (eucalyptol oil).

Kulit Remaja daerah Tropis : Tipe dan permasalahannya

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

Tumbuhan Kosmetik Tropis :  Tradisi vs Ilmiah

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

Pengenalan Jenis Getah (Gum-Lateks-Resin)

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

Antioxidantive compounds from leaves of Tahongai (Klienhovia hospita). 

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

In our effort to find antioxidant agent, we focused on Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita) which have been used traditionally in Indonesia as medicinal herbal to cure liver disease. Based on the biologically guided fractionation using DPPH radical scavenging assay, eleutherol and kaempferol 3-O-ß-D-glucoside was isolated from the leaves of K. hospita. Kaempferol 3-O-b-D-glucoside (1) and eleutherol (2) scavenged the radical with IC50 of 71.4 and 491.8 lM, respectively. In addition, both of the compounds did not exhibit cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells.

Validation of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl leaves, a skin care herbal from East Kalimantan in melanin biosynthesis assay.

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

In searching for a new material made from natural resources that could be used as a whitening agent, we focused on the plants used for skin treatment by the native people of East Kalimantan. The methanol extract of the leaves of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl showed antimelanogenesis activity in a melanin biosynthesis assay. By activity-guided fractionation, 7-methoxycoumarin (1) was isolated as an active compound. The IC50 of 1 on mushroom tyrosinase was 2360 µM (L-tyrosine was used as the substrate) and above 2840 µM (L-DOPA was used as the substrate), respectively. Regarding melanin formation inhibition in B16 melanoma cells, the IC50 of 1 was 1780 µM with 83% cell viability at IC50. Based on these results, we validated that the leaf extract is in line with the traditional use of the Dayak tribe in East Kalimantan.

Artocarpus plants as a potential source of skin whitening agents.

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

Artocarpus plants have been a focus of constant attention due to the potential for skin whitening agents. In the in vitro experiment, compounds from the Artocarpus plants, such as artocarpanone, norartocarpetin, artocarpesin, artogomezianol, andalasin, artocarbene, and chlorophorin showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Structure-activity investigations revealed that the 4-substituted resorcinol moiety in these compounds was responsible for their potent inhibitory activities on tyrosinase. In the in vitro assay, using B16 melanoma cells, the prenylated polyphenols isolated from Artocarpus plants, such as artocarpin, cudraflavone C, 6-prenylapigenin, kuwanon C, norartocarpin, albanin A, cudraflavone B, and brosimone I showed potent inhibitory activity on melanin formation. Structure-activity investigations revealed that the introduction of an isoprenoid moiety to a non-isoprenoid-substituted polyphenol enhanced the inhibitory activity of melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. In the in vivo investigation, the extract of the wood of Artocarpus incisus and a representative isolated compound from it, artocarpin had a lightening effect on the skin of guinea pigs' backs. Other in vivo experiments using human volunteers have shown that water extract of Artocarpus lakoocha reduced the melanin formation in the skin of volunteers. These results indicate that the extracts of Artocarpus plants are potential sources for skin whitening agents.

Prenylated Flavonoid sebagai Senyawa Anti Kanker yang Berpotensi.

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

Lebih dari 6500 senyawa flavonoid telah diidentifikasi dari tanaman, sekurang-kurangnya 400 senyawa adalah prenylated flavonoid. Senyawa flavonoid diketahui memiliki banyak fungsi bagi kesehatan manusia seperti antioxidant, anti inflammatory, anti virus, anti bakteri, dan lain-lain. Flavonoid mewakili beragam tipe senyawa yang terdapat di alam. Dalam kelompok senyawa flavonoid, terdapat senyawa yang disebut prenylated flavonoid yaitu senyawa flavonoid yang mengandung tambahan rantai isoprenoid [ditambah 5 atom karbon (C) pada gugus fenol]. Saat ini, senyawa prenylated flavonoid mendapat perhatian yang sangat besar dari para peneliti karena fungsinya dalam kesehatan manusia. Tulisan ini akan membahas tentang manfaat senyawa prenylated flavonoid untuk kemoterapi pada kanker yang merupakan rangkuman dari beberapa hasil penelitian.

Antiproliferative effect of methanolic extract from Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. leaves on Human breast (T47D) cells in vitro.

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the anti-cancer properties of the methanol extract of Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. leaves and its mode of action in human breast cancer (T47D) cells. Methods: The anti-cancer property and mechanism of action of the extract were evaluated by its effect on cell viability, nuclear morphology, cell cycle progression and the expression of phosphorylated p44/p42 as a marker for cell proliferation. Results: The results showed that there was a reduction of cell viability by the extract in a concentrationdependent manner and no alteration of nuclear morphology was observed. There were negligible changes in Sub-G1 phase formation after extract treatment. Expression of phosphorylated p44/42 was decreased by the extract only. Inclusion of the extract in the incubation medium decreased insulinstimulated phosphorylation of p44/p42 indicating that the anti-proliferative effect of the extract was via p44/p42 pathway. Conclusion: All together, the data indicate that P. crocatum methanol extract inhibits the growth of human breast cancer (T47D) cells via inhibition of p44/p42 phosphorylation.

Artocarpin, a promising compound as whitening agent and skin cancer.

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

In our search for natural products from wood on cosmetics and drugs purposes and on the basis of melanin biosynthesis assay guided fractionation, artocarpin was isolated from wood of Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus). To evaluate the potency as a whitening agent of artocarpin and its anti-skin cancer (cytotoxicity effect), the MTT assay was used to evaluate its cytotoxicity on cells and melanin biosynthesis assays was performed to determine its whitening agents potency. The evaluation of cytotoxicity on B16 melanoma cells of Artocarpin resulted the IC50 was 10.3 µM and melanin biosynthesis assay with IC50 6.7 µM with out cytotoxicity. Based on the results, suggested that artocarpin have a potent to be developed as whitening agent and skin cancer drug.

Structure-activity relationship of prenyl-substituted polyphenols from Artocarpus heterophyllus as inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis in cultured melanoma cells.

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

A series of prenylated, flavone-based polyphenols, compounds 1-8, were isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus. These compounds, which have previously been shown not to inhibit tyrosinase activity, were found to be active inhibitors of the in vivo melanin biosynthesis in B16 melanoma cells, with little or no cytotoxicity. To clarify the structural requirement for inhibition, some structure-activity relationships were studied, in comparison with related compounds lacking prenyl side chains. Our experiments indicate that both prenyl and OH groups, as well as the type of substitution pattern, are crucial for the inhibition of melanin production in B16 melanoma cells.

Inhibitory effect of isoprenoid-substitutetd flavonoids isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus on melanin biosynthesis.

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

Isoprenoid-substituted flavonoids were isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus by means of activity-guided fractionation. Artocarpin (1), cudraflavone C (2), 6-prenylapigenin (3), kuwanon C (4), norartocarpin (5) and albanin A (6) inhibited melanin biosynthesis in B16 melanoma cells without inhibiting tyrosinase. A structure-activity investigation indicated that the presence of the isoprenoid-substituted moiety enhanced the inhibitory activity on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells.

The effect of chlorophorin and its derivative on melanin biosynthesis.

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

By means of bioassay-guided fractionation using mushroom tyrosinase, a geranylated stilbene, chlorophorin, was characterized as the principal tyrosinase inhibitor in the heartwood of Chlorophora excelsa (Moraceae). It inhibited the oxidation of L-tyrosine and DL-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DL-DOPA) due to mushroom tyrosinase and melanin biosynthesis on B16 melanoma cells. Chlorophorin, which is a slight yellowish compound, has previously been reported as an unstable compound in light. On the basis of this finding, a chlorophorin derivative [4-(3”,7”-dimethyloctyl)-2',3,4',5-tetrahydroxydihydrostilbene; hexahydrochlorophorin] which is colorless, obtained by the hydrogenation of chlorophorin with Pd/C, was also tested to develop a superior material for practical use. Hexahydrochlorophorin showed more potent inhibitory activity on tyrosinase and melanin biosynthesis, and lower cytotoxicity towards B16 melanoma cells than chlorophorin.

Screening of Indonesian plants for tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Prof. Dr. Enos Tangke Arung, S.Hut, M.P.

Abstract

In our efforts to find new tyrosinase inhibitory materials, we investigated 44 Indonesian plants belonging to 24 families for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The extracts of 5 Artocarpus woods showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity (over 80% at 100µg/ml) similar to a positive control, kojic acid. In Artocarpus woods, the extracts of the sapwoods showed stronger inhibitory activity than those of the heartwoods. Chlorophorin was isolated as one of the active compounds in the sapwood of Artocarpus heterophyllus. The content of chlorophorin in sapwood was higher than that in heartwood.

BUMIKU INDONESIA (Bunga Rampai Kearifan Lokal) Editor: Retno Widyani (BAB 5. Validasi Penggunaan Pewarna alami Bixa Orellana L. pada Tenun Ulap Doyo Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Dayak Benuaq)

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Antibacterial Activity Against Propionibacterium acnes of n-Hexane Fractions from Siam Weed Leaves (Chromolaena odorata)

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

The present study aims to separate the active fractions from the n-hexane extract of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata (L) R.M. King & H. Rob) leaves with potential as the antiacne agent. The present work includes isolation of active fractions guided by antiacne assay against Propionibacterium acnes and phytochemical analysis of the active fractions. Extraction was conducted by maceration using n-hexane. An agar well diffusion assay was applied to evaluate the antiacne activity of the extract at the concentration of 400 µg/well with chloramphenicol as a positive control. Column chromatography assisted by thin-layer chromatography of n-hexane extract gave six active fractions. Fractions TH5 and TH6 displayed the highest inhibition of 51% and 47% respectively. Further purification of the fraction yielded more than 14 subfractions. Phytochemical analysis indicated that fraction TH5 contains alkaloid and steroid while fraction TH6 contains alkaloid. The active fractions isolated from C. odorata have the potential to be developed as a natural antiacne.

Preservation of Pulai Wood (Alstonia scolaris L. Br.) with Natural Preservative Fruit Extracts Orania palindan (Blanco) Merr.

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Orania palindan is a betel species from the Arecaceae family which has a toxic content, especially in the fruit and tubers. This study aims to examine the ability of O. palindan fruit extract using room temperature water solvent (27°C) and hot water (100°C) as a natural preservative of pulai wood against fungus colonization of Tiromyces palustris and Coriolus. versicolor. The study was carried out using the gelatin culture block method. The data obtained from the experiment were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the treatment of four concentrations of O. palindan extract and analyzed by Variance Analysis (ANOVA). Data is processed using the SPSS 22 for Windows application. The results showed that the impregnation test of pulai wood with O. palindan fruit extract tested using T. palustris showed that the treatment had lost their weight. The results showed that the impregnation test of pulai wood with fruit extract O. palindan tested using C. versicolor showed that the results also experienced a weight reduction. The analysis of variance, showed a significant effect of extract concentration treatment on weight loss of pulai wood due to colonization of T. palustris and C. versicolor, while the temperature treatment of extraction solvents, treatment of fungus types, and interactions between treatments was not significantly different. Based on the test results, the O. palindan as a natural preservative can be used to inhibit the reduction in weight of pulai wood due to the colonization of T. palustris and C. versicolor.

Antifungal of Fruit and Shoot Extracts of Orania palindan on Coriolus versicolor Growth.

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Orania palindan is a species of areca nut from Family Arecaceae that produces toxins, especially in its fruit and shoot. This research aimed to test the antifungal property of O. palindan fruit and shoot using hot water extraction on the growth of Coriolus versicolor. Complete randomized design was used with four extract concentrations (0 %, 2 %, 4 %, and 6 %), each with three replications. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. Results indicated that O. palindan fruit and shoot extracts significantly inhibited C. versicolor growth at 2%, 4%, and 6%. Duncan post-hoc test indicated that shoot extract at 6% concentration was the most effective at inhibiting C. Versicolor growth.

Reinforcing Effects of Seaweed Nanoparticles in Agar-based Biopolymer Composite: Physical, Water Vapor Barrier, Mechanical, and Biodegradable Properties

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

In recent times, the indiscriminate disposal of post-consumer plastic packaging material has received global attention. There is a need to develop an alternative packaging material from bio-based polymers to reduce plastic waste pollution. This work studied the effects of loading seaweed nanoparticles into an agar matrix by analyzing the physical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, and biodegradation properties, as well as the surface morphological properties of biopolymer composite. The results showed that the addition of seaweed nanoparticles in the biopolymer matrix improved the properties of the agar-based biopolymer composite, except for the water vapor barrier properties of the biopolymer composite. The biopolymer composite film loaded with 6 w/w% seaweed nanoparticles appeared to achieve the highest mechanical strength. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis verified that the 6% w/w% seaweed nanoparticles biopolymer composite showed a homogenous surface morphology and had a strong adhesion on the interfaces of the filler and matrix. The samples had a desirable density of 0.0131 cm-1g-1 and a desirable biodegradability when 8 w/w% nanoparticles was used. This study verified that seaweed nanoparticles are compatible with agar matrix in terms of the enhancement of biopolymer composite properties.

Inovasi Pembelajaran Di Pendidikan Tinggi ISBN 978-623-02-0531-6

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Metode Praktis Analisis Kimia Tumbuhan Berkayu

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Chemical content in two Teak woods (Tectona grandis Linn.F.) that has been used for 2 and 60 years.

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Teak (Tectona grandis Linn F.) is classified as luxury wood and belongs to the durable wood, resistant to termite and fungal attacks. The purposes of this study were to analyze and compare the chemical content and bioactive compound of teak (T. grandis Linn F.) from Sumedang, West Java based on age of use. This study used teak woods of 2 and 60 years of use. The chemical components analyzed by determination of lignin, extractives, and ash content. Phytochemical compounds were analyzed by color changing of crude acetone extracts. The results showed that the teak wood with 2 years of use possessed lignin of 28.41%; cold water soluble extractives of 4.26%; hot water soluble extract of 5.12%; NaOH 1% soluble extractives of 19, 40; and alcohol:benzene (1:2) soluble extract of 6.21%; while ash content of 0.85%. Meanwhile teak wood after use of 60 years showed the lignin content of 29.82%; cold water extract of 1.56%; hot water extract of 2.56%; 1% NaOH soluble extract of 12.30%; alcohol:benzene (1:2) extract of 4.62%; ash content of 1.36%. The qualitative phytochemical test demonstrated both of teak wood after use of 2 years and use of 60 years contained flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, cumarins, and carbohydrates.

BEEPOLEEN Tetragonula testaceitarsis ANTIBACTERIA (Propionibacterium acnes)

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Acne is a skin disease which is often found on the skin of most people in the world. Acne generally comes from a variety of bacteria, one of them is Propionibacterium acnes. Bee pollen from Tetragonula testaceitarsis contains alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins which has antibacterial potency. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of beepollen from T. testaceitarsis which has a good antibacterial content as an anti-acne preparation. The method used in this research was the agar diffusion method. The results showed that the percentage of inhibition of beepollen samples from T. testaceitarsis was 47.77% at 500 ppm, 45.36% at 250 ppm and 40.21% at 125 ppm. Meanwhile, the average diameter of the resistance obtained value was15.44 mm

UJI FITOKIMIA DAN ANTIOKSI DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL PROPOLIS LEBAH KELULUT <Tetragonula iridipennis) DARI SAMARINDA KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

The study aims to identify the secondary metabolite compounds contained in the ethanol extract Propolis Tetragonula Iridipennis and determine the antioxidant activity. Propolis is extracted from the beehive of Kelulut (Tetragonula Iridipennis) with a method of maceration of ethanol 96% produce a yield of 66.73%. Propolis extract contains alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins and carbohydrates. Propolis extract tested its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) with a wavelength of 514 nm. Results showed a percentage of propolis extract free radicals 59% in concentrations of 100 ppm with IC50 33.74 ppm so that propolis extract is potentially as an antioxidant.

KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS Metode Sederhana dalam analisis Kimia Tumbuhan berkayu

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Hardwood Tannin: Sources, Utilizations, and Prospects

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Tannins are found in widely distributed species of plants, and it protects plant from predators and pests. There are three major groups of tannins, that is, hydrolyzable, complex, and proanthocyanidins. Tannins are being used as a significant element for the tanning of animal hides in the leather production industry from the beginning of tannin industry. Then, these have been used for mineral absorption and protein precipitation purposes since the 1960s. Tannins are used for iron gall ink production and wood-based industry as adhesive and anticorrosive, recovering uranium from seawater and removing mercury and methylmercury from solution. In addition, tannins are considered as bioactive compound in nutrition science, and their possible effects on health are to be identified. This chapter outlines the structural and biological properties of hardwood tannins to indicate the positive utilization of them. It also describes the contemporary information on tannins.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA EKSTRAK ETANOL TUMBUHAN BARAAN (Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr & Rolfe)

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

The Role of Bamboo Nanoparticles in Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

In this study, bamboo nanoparticles in concentration ranges from 0–5% were incorporated along with woven/nonwoven kenaf fiber mat into unsaturated polyester and the developed composites were further characterized. Bamboo chips were subjected to ball milling process for the synthesis of nanoparticles with a particle size of 52.92 nm. The effect that the incorporation of nanoparticles had on various properties of reinforced composites was further observed. Due to the high surface area of nanoparticles, incorporation of 3% of nanofillers contributed towards strong bonding and better wettability with matrix, thus resulting in excellent mechanical properties and thermal characteristics in reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Furthermore, mechanical characteristics of reinforced composites were deteriorated by the addition of a higher percentage of nanoparticles (>3%) due to agglomeration, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, ordered structural arrangement of woven kenaf textile fiber showed enhancement in interfacial adhesion and promoted superior mechanical strength in reinforced composites as compared with nonwoven composites.

Bionanomaterial from agricultural waste and its application (Ditulis dalam Cellulose-Reinforced Nanofibre Composites).

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Hybrid bast fiber reinforced thermoset composites (Ditulis dalam Hybrid Polymer Composite Materials).

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Karakteristik Ekstrak dari Kulit Kayu Bakau (Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata dan Avicennia officinalis) dengan Pelarut yang Berbeda

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Tanin dari ekstrak tumbuhan memiliki beragam kegunaan, yang paling populer adalah sebagai bahan substitusi perekat dalam industri pengolahan kayu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak dari kulit kayu bakau dari jenis Rhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata dan Avicennia officinalis dan untuk menganalisa sifat-sifat taninnya secara fisik. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan rancangan faktorial acak lengkap 3 X 3 dengan 3 kali ulangan. Respon yang diukur adalah pengaruh jenis kayu dan bahan pemasaknya terhadap kadar padat dan rendemen. Pengujian viskositas dan waktu gelatinasi hanya dicari nilai rataannya dan dibahas secara deskriptif analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kayu dan bahan pemasak memberikan pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap kadar padat dan rendemen, dimana untuk kadar padat tertinggi diperoleh pada jenis kayu A. officinalis dengan bahan pemasak Na₂CO₃ 1% sebesar 7,866 %. Rendemen tertinggi diperoleh pada jenis kayu R. apiculata dengan bahan pemasak Na₂CO₃ 1% sebesar 31,003%. Waktu gelatinasi tercepat diperoleh pada jenis kayu R. apiculata dengan bahan pemasak Na₂CO₃ 1% pada taraf konsentrasi formaldehid 15%. Viskositas tertinggi diperoleh pada jenis kayu R. apiculata dengan bahan pemasak Na₂CO₃ 1%.

Seaweed based sustainable films and composites for food and pharmaceutical applications: A review<

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Various studies have been focused on seaweeds derived polysaccharides based composites because of its renewability and sustainability for food packaging and pharmaceutical applications including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound dressing. Alginate, carrageenan, and agar are widely used for this purpose due to their biocompatibility, availability, gelling capacity, and encapsulation efficiency. Essential oils (like oregano, clove, lemongrass, etc.) as antimicrobial and antioxidant agent, biopolymer (like starch, cellulose, chitosan, etc.), and nanoparticles (organically modified and unmodified inorganic nanoclays, nano-cellulose, carbon nanotubes) as reinforcing material are frequently used for the fabrication of seaweed based materials. Composites have an edge over pure polymer based material in terms of mechanical and barrier properties, controlled release of drugs, and adsorption efficiency. This review comprehensively addresses different types of additives and their impact on various functional properties of seaweed based composites, their methods of incorporation, and applications with special emphasis on food and pharmaceutical usage.

Modification of oil palm wood using acetylation and impregnation process

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

The purpose of this study is chemical modification by process of acetylation and impregnation of oil palm wood to improve the dimensional stability. Acetylation process aimed at substituting the hydroxyl groups in a timber with an acetyl group. By increasing the acetyl groups in wood is expected to reduce the ability of wood to absorb water vapor which lead to the dimensions of the wood becomes more stable. Studies conducted on oil palm wood (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) by acetylation and impregnation method. The results showed that acetylated and impregnated wood oil palm (E. guineensis Jacq) were changed in their physical properties. Impregnation with coal ashfly provide the greatest response to changes in weight (in wet conditions) and after conditioning (dry) with the average percentage of weight gain of 198.16% and 66.41% respectively. Changes in volume indicates an increase of volume in the wet condition (imbibition) with the coal ashfly treatment gave highest value of 23.04 %, whereas after conditioning (dry) the highest value obtained in the treatment of gum rosin:ethanol with a volume increase of 13:44%. The highest changes of the density with the coal ashfly impregnation in wet condition (imbibition) in value of 142.32% and after conditioning (dry) of 57.87%. The result of reduction in water absorption (RWA) test showed that in the palm oil wood samples most stable by using of gum rosin : ethanol of 0.97%, whereas the increase in oil palm wood dimensional stability (ASE) is the best of 59.42% after acetylation with Acetic Anhydride: Xylene.

Preparation and Fundamental Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrysta from Oil Palm Fronds Biomass

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

The objective of this work was to isolate cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from oil palm fronds (Elaeis guineensis) and its subsequent characterization. Isolation involves sodium hydroxide/anthraquinone pulping with mechanical refining followed by total chlorine free bleaching (includes oxygen delignification, hydrogen peroxide oxidation and peracetic acid treatment) before acid hydrolysis. Bleaching significantly decreased kappa number and increased a-cellulose percentage of fibers as confirmed by Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry standards. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that acid hydrolysis along with bleaching improved crystallinity index and thermal stability of the extracted nanocrystals. It was observed that CNC maintained its cellulose 1 polymorph despite hydrolysis treatment. Mean diameter as observed by TEM and average fiber aspect ratio of obtained CNC was 7.44 ± 0.17 nm and 16.53 ± 3.52, respectively making it suitable as a reinforcing material for nanocomposite.

Properties enhancement using oil palm shell nanoparticles of fibers reinforced polyester hybrid composites

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles were utilized as filler in fibers reinforced polyester hybrid composites. The OPS nanoparticles were successfully produced from the raw OPS using high-energy ball milling process. Fundamental properties including morphology, crystalline size, and particle size of the OPS nanoparticles were determined. Tri-layer natural fiber reinforcement (kenaf–coconut–kenaf fiber mat) polyester hybrid composites were prepared by hand lay-up techniques. The influences of the OPS nanoparticles loading in the natural fibers reinforced polyester hybrid composites were determined by analyzing physical, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of the composites. Results showed that the incorporation of the OPS nanoparticles into the hybrid composites enhanced the composite properties. Further, the natural fibers reinforced polyester hybrid composite had the highest physical, mechanical, morphological, and thermal characteristics at 3 wt.% OPS nanoparticles loading.

Environmental durability of vinyl ester composites filled with carbonized Jatropha seed shell.

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

The durability of vinyl ester composites filled with carbonized jatropha seed shell was investigated in 5% NaOH solution, 5% HCl solution, and distilled water for 12 months. The environmental durability of the composites was determined by measuring weight changes, flexural properties, and tensile properties. Results showed weight gain and changes in the mechanical properties of the composites due to the soaking time in alkaline, acidic, and neutral environments. It was observed that vinyl ester composites had the highest tensile properties in alkaline environments. The highest flexural properties of the vinyl ester composites were observed in an alkaline environment. Scanning electron microscope image analysis revealed that the surface of the vinyl ester composites was rough and that the original luster was lost after soaking in alkaline solution, acidic solution, and distilled water for 12 months.

The Role of soil properties and it’s interaction towards quality plant fiber.The Role of soil properties and it’s interaction towards quality plant fiber.

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

In recent years, the use of plant fibers has increased tremendously due to the remarkable variations in chemical and physical properties. Plants require light, water, and nutrients for growth, reproduction and efficient crop production. Plant nutrients are mostly absorbed by plant roots from soil. For satisfactorily plant growth, it is urgency that soil provides a favorable environment for root development that can exploit the soil sufficiently. Water exists in soil as a thin film which has very different properties to that of a bulk volume of the same water. The organic part forms complex interactions with the water, minerals, solute, and microorganisms of the soil, compounding the complexity of the system. Furthermore, soil is a dynamic open system, continually subject to inputs and losses of energy, water, organic and inorganic materials, and supports the plant structurally. The physical, chemical and biological properties of soil lead to a series of physiological, biological and chemical changes along with growth, yield and quality of the plant biomass, and thus of fibers. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impacts of the soil properties on the physical and morphological structure of plant fibers growth. The present study further demonstrated the interaction effects and sustainability of soil properties to produce quality plant fibers.

High-Pressure Enzymatic Hydrolysis to Reveal Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo Fiber Using a Supercritical Water Fermenter.

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Bamboo fiber was treated using a high-pressure enzyme hydrolysis process. The process performance was compared with the pulping and bleaching process for bamboo fiber. Several analytical methods, including field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry, were employed to determine the physicochemical and thermal properties of the treated cellulosic bamboo fiber. It was found that the pressurized enzyme hydrolysis treated bamboo fiber had the most uniform morphological structure, along with lowest crystallinity and highest thermal stability. Thus, utilizing high-pressure enzyme hydrolysis is the most effective process for treating fiber to remove non-cellulosic components from the raw material, including lignin, hemicelluloses, and waxy materials.

Determination of the Combined Effect of Chemical Modification and Compression of Agatis Wood on the Dimensional Stability, Termite Resistance, and Morphological Structure

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Agatis wood (Agathis lorantifolia Salisb) was impregnated with a combination of styrene and methyl methacrylate and compressed to a strain of 50% to improve dimensional stability and termite resistance. The changes in cell structure were analyzed to determine the effects of the combination treatment. The results showed that densification of agatis wood with compression, impregnation, and a combination of treatments resulted in an increase in physical properties (density and dimensional stability) by changing the cellular structure and chemical components (i.e., cellulose crystallinity, microfibril angle, and preferred orientation of fibers) as well as degradation of cellulose. The chemical modification and combination treatment (chemical and compression) of wood generally led to a high resistance to dry wood termites.

Antidermatophyte and antimelanogenesis compound from Eleutherine americana grown in Indonesia.

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

An active compound from the bulb of Eleutherine americana L. Merr. (Iridaceae) collected from East Kalimantan, Indonesia, was tested for its antidermatophyte and antimelanogenesis activity. Antifungal assay-directed fractionation of the n-hexane-soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of the bulb of E. americana led to the isolation of 1 as an active compound. The compound was identified as the naphthoquinone eleutherin by EI-MS and 1 H-, 13C-, and two-dimensional NMR analyses. Antidermatophyte assay of 1 at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 lg/disk and myconazole, a commercial antidermatophyte, at 10 lg/disk displayed 7, 8, 13, 16, 17, and 14 mm of inhibition zone against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, respectively. In a melanin formation inhibition assay, compound 1 displayed potent antimelanogenesis activity at 5 ppm with low toxicity compared with arbutin, a commercial skin-whitening agent. The results showed the high potential of 1, an active compound from E. americana, to be applied as an antidermatophyte and antimelanogenesis agent.

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Kulit Laban (Vitex pubescens Vahl) sebagai Bahan Anti Jamur. Vol. 4 No. 8 Desember 2010. Pp (27-35) ISSN 1978-6891.

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

The most of antifungi used in preservatives for wood, food, fungicides, dyestuff, etc. come from synthetical substances, that poisoned not only for fungi but also for environment. In recent, antifungi have been taken from plants. Laban (Vitex pubescens Vahl) is one of high quality wood has been used in Kalimantan (Borneo). Isolation of active compounds will provide scientific validation for the use of laban in another purposes. The object of this research was to evaluate the antifungi activity of bark extract of Laban wood. Extractives solubility of laban bark in methanol was 6.03%. Soluble fractions in n-hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate yielded 0.27%, 0.39%, and 0.47% respectively. Fractions of n- hexane and diethyl ether contained steroid, flavonoid and carbohydrates. While, ethyl acetate fraction contained triterpeoids, flavonoids, and carbohydrates. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) test of laban bark extracts showed the active compounds of aldehide, keton, and flavonoids. The n-hexane-, diethyl ether-, and ethyl acetate extracts showed the significant anti fungal activities by air-borne method. Antifungal activity of o- hexane extract against Candida albicans was detected by a bioautography assay on TLC plate. The results showed that bark of laban possess potential antifungal activity to be developed as natural antifungal substances.

Analisa Sifat Fisikokimia Tanin Kulit Akasia Mangium Untuk Bahan Baku Perekat.

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Tannin is a derivative from organic compound from glycosides found in various plants, the most important commercial condensed tannin oblained from gymnosperms species for example Acacia mangium. Tannin is one of the adhesive materials that can have a dimensional stability of wood. Tannin contains flavonoid compounds that have hydroxyl groups that are reactive to condense against other materials as a cross-link agent, like formaldehyde, which may increase the number of polymer units of tannins, thus increasing the bonding strength of tannin based adhesives. Based on the results of physicochemical analysis of extracts (tannins) from the bark of A. mangium as a raw material for adhesives, it can be concluded that the A. mangium tannin had a higher reactivity toward formaldehyde of 96%, reactivity of tannin toward hexamefhylene tetramine of 46.18%, tannins toward ethylene glycol of 3.07% and tannins toward dimethylol urea of 183.59%. Meanwhile, the value of reactive polyphenol content determined by UV-Method showed in tannin with formaldehyde of 97.65%, tannins with hexamethylene tetramine of 46%, tannins with ethylene glycol of 2%, and tannins with dimelhylolurea of 56.26%. The resuits of gelation time (gel time) measurements fullfilled the requirements of JIS K 6833-1980 by the treatment of hexamelhylenen tetramine for variable II and III, and the treatment of ethylene glycol (variable VI). The viscosity values by the Ireatment of hexamethylenen tetramine (variable II, III, and IV), for ethylene glycol (variable II - VI) met the requirement conditions by JIS K 6833-1980.

Pemanfaatan Anti Jamur dari Ekstrak Batang Secang (Caesalpinia sappan Linn) Untuk Aditif pada Cat Tembok

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Kulit Laban (Vitex pubescens Vahl) sebagai Bahan Anti Jamur

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Isolation of Antidermatophyte Active Compound from Eleutherine americana L.Merr.

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Synthetic Modification on Quebracho Tannin by Dimethylolurea for the Production of Medium Density Fibreboards (MDF) Poor in Emission

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Potensi Aktivitas Anti Dermatofita Ekstrak Bawang Tiwai Eleutherine americana L.Merr.

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Aktivitas Anti Jamur dari Ekstrak Batang pada Tumbuhan Secang (Caesalpinia sappan Linn.).

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Aktivitas Ani Jamur dari Ekstrak DAun Tumbuhan Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.)

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

By Reaction of the Fprmaldehyde in the Weakly Alkaline pH Milieu (Cannizzaro Reaction)

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Chemical Investigation for Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) Wood Extractive

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract

Importance of Teak Wood Extractives to Wood Properties and Tree Breeding

Dr. Ir. Enih Rosamah, M.Sc

Abstract